#Backend

A deep dive into Node.js's new experimental native TypeScript execution features, exploring how it works under the hood and why we might finally move away from external bundlers or runners.

I needed real-time notifications and dove into WebSockets. From HTTP polling to Supabase Realtime—practical patterns for real-time communication.

Once you ship a public API, you can't change it freely. Compare four versioning strategies for evolving APIs without breaking clients, plus analysis of real-world choices by GitHub, Stripe, and Twilio.

I couldn't understand my own API after 3 months. Practical REST API design patterns for naming, versioning, pagination, and error handling.

Public APIs face unexpected traffic floods without proper protection. Rate limiting, API key management, and IP restrictions to protect your API.

Confused by auth.uid()? Learn how to correctly fetch the current user ID in Postgres functions, RLS policies, and Triggers. Deep dive into Security Definer.

Querying related data returns null? Fix common Foreign Key issues in Supabase and master the `select(*, related_table(*))` syntax. Deep dive into Many-to-Many and Inner Joins.

Data exists in DB but returns empty array in Flutter? It's RLS. Learn to write correct Row Level Security policies for SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE.

Why banks use RDBMS over NoSQL. A deep dive into Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability, Transaction Isolation Levels, Deadlock prevention, and how to ace this topic in technical interviews.

Look-aside pattern vs Write-Through. LRU Eviction explained. Persistence trade-offs (RDB vs AOF). Single-threaded nature of Redis.

Passing functional tests doesn't mean your server can handle real traffic. '100 tests by one person' and '1 test by 100 people simultaneously' are completely different problems. Here's how to get started with k6 load testing, find bottlenecks, and fix them.

When our service grew, migrating from MongoDB to PostgreSQL became inevitable. But our code was a spaghetti mess of business logic and database queries. I share my journey of adopting Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters) to decouple the core logic from external tools, turning a nightmare migration into a manageable task.

Without a Rate Limiter, your own users can accidentally DDOS your server. I compare core algorithms like Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, and Sliding Window, and show how to implement a distributed Rate Limiter using Redis and Lua Scripts.

JSON is heavy, and REST is chatty. Enter gRPC, Google's answer to high-performance microservices communication. We explore the magic of Protocol Buffers serialization, the power of HTTP/2 multiplexing, and the four streaming patterns. We also cover the caveats: why gRPC is hard to use in browsers and how load balancing differs from HTTP/1.1.

A strategic guide for Architects. Covers Conway's Law, Distributed Patterns (Saga, CQRS), Modular Monolith, Migration Strategies, Glossary, and FAQ.

How I lost my data due to a simple SQL Injection. Why Prepared Statements are the only silver bullet and if ORMs are truly safe.

The definitive guide for Architects. Covers Storage Engines, Distributed Systems Theory (CAP, PACELC), Transactions, Sharding, Glossary, and FAQ.

Add one small feature and suddenly your DB CPU hits 100%. The culprit is usually the N+1 problem caused by ORM's Lazy Loading. Here's how to diagnose it, cut 1000 queries down to 1, and avoid the ORM mistakes that cause it.

Why API Gateway is essential in Microservices Architecture. Detailed comparison of Kong vs. Nginx vs. AWS API Gateway, deep dive into Rate Limiting algorithms, GraphQL integration strategies, and ensuring Observability.

When Scale-Up fails, Scale-Out is the answer. Vertical vs Horizontal Partitioning, Shard Key selection strategies (Geo vs Hash), and the complexity of Distributed Transactions.

Round Robin, Least Connections, IP Hash explained. The difference between L4 (Layer 4) and L7 (Layer 7) load balancing, and how to configure Nginx as a Reverse Proxy.

Simple hashing gets cracked in 1 second. How Sprinkling Salt and Pepper blocks Rainbow Table attacks.

A deep dive into Robert C. Martin's Clean Architecture. Learn how to decouple your business logic from frameworks, databases, and UI using Entities, Use Cases, and the Dependency Rule. Includes Screaming Architecture and Testing strategies.

Stop cascading failures in distributed systems. Understand the 3 states of a Circuit Breaker, the dangers of infinite retries, and how to implement Bulkheads, Rate Limiters, and Graceful Degradation using Resilience4j and Istio.

Panic over Red Error message? Browser isn't bullying you; it's protecting you.

Where should you place your cache? A deep dive into Cache-Aside, Read-Through, Write-Back, and Write-Around patterns. Includes advanced topics like Cache Penetration, Breakdown, Avalanche, and a comparison of Distributed vs Local Caching.

Why did Facebook ditch REST API? The charm of picking only what you want with GraphQL, and its fatal flaws (Caching, N+1 Problem).

A comprehensive guide to Database Indexing. Understanding the B-Tree structure, the difference between Clustered and Non-Clustered Indexes, and why Hash Indexes are rarely used for range queries. Includes a dedicated section on 'The Index Usage Anti-Patterns'.

HTTP is stateless. How Cookies and Sessions solve this. Comparing Stateful Auth (Session) vs Stateless Auth (JWT).

FIFO (First In First Out). From Roller Coaster lines to Message Queues (Kafka). Circular Queue, Blocking Queue for thread safety, and Deque for sliding windows.

Pringles can (Stack) vs Restaurant line (Queue). The most basic data structures, but without them, you can't understand recursion or message queues.